A List of Common Excipients Used in Pharmaceutical Products
(Tablets, Capsules, Suspensions, Syrup and Cream)
List of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Their Uses
- Raffinose: Stabilizing agent; sucrose crystallization modifier.
- Saccharin: Sweetening agent.
- Saccharin Sodium: Sweetening agent.
- Safflower Oil: Emollient; oleaginous vehicle; solvent.
- Saponite: Adsorbent; emulsifying agent; viscosity-increasing agent.
- Sesame Oil: Oleaginous vehicle; solvent.
- Shellac: Coating agent; encapsulating agent; film-forming agent; matrix forming agent; modified-release agent.
- Simethicone: Antifoaming agent; tablet diluent; water-repelling agent.
- Sodium Acetate: Antimicrobial preservative; buffering agent; flavoring agent, stabilizing agent.
- Sodium Alginate: Stabilizing agent; suspending agent; tablet and capsule disintegrant; tablet binder; viscosity increasing agent.
- Sodium Ascorbate: Stabilizing agent; suspending agent; tablet and capsule disintegrant; tablet binder; viscosity increasing agent.
- Sodium Benzoate: Antimicrobial preservative; tablet and capsule lubricant.
- Sodium Bicarbonate: Alkalizing agent; therapeutic agent.
- Sodium Borate: Alkalizing agent; antimicrobial preservative; buffering agent; disinfectant; emulsifying agent; stabilizing agent.
- Sodium Carbonate: Alkalizing agent; buffering agent.
- Sodium Chloride: Tablet and capsule diluent; tonicity agent.
- Sodium Citrate Dihydrate: Alkalizing agent; buffering agent; emulsifying agent; sequestering agent.
- Sodium Cyclamate: Sweetening agent.
- Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate: Antioxidant.
- Sodium Hyaluronate: Humectant; lubricant; sustained-release agent.
- Sodium Hydroxide: Alkalizing agent; buffering agent.
- Sodium Lactate: Antimicrobial preservative; buffering agent; emulsifying agent; flavoring agent; humectant.
- Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: Anionic surfactant; detergent; emulsifying agent; skin penetrant; tablet and capsule lubricant; wetting agent.
- Sodium Metabisulfite: Antimicrobial preservative; antioxidant.
- Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic: Buffering agent; sequestering agent.
- Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic: Buffering agent; emulsifying agent; sequestering agent.
- Sodium Propionate: Antimicrobial preservative.
- Sodium Starch Glycolate: Tablet and capsule disintegrant.
- Sodium Stearyl Fumarate: Tablet and capsule lubricant.
- Sodium Sulfite: Antimicrobial preservative; antioxidant.
- Sodium Thiosulfate: Antioxidant.
- Sorbic Acid: Antimicrobial preservative.
- Sorbitan Esters (Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters): Dispersing agent; emulsifying agent; nonionic surfactant; solubilizing agent; suspending agent; wetting agent.
- Sorbitol: Humectant; plasticizer; stabilizing agent; sweetening agent; tablet and capsule diluent.
- Soybean Oil: Oleaginous vehicle; solvent.
- Starch: Tablet and capsule diluent; tablet and capsule disintegrant; tablet binder; thickening agent.
- Starch, Pregelatinized: Tablet and capsule diluent; tablet and capsule disintegrant; tablet binder.
- Starch, Sterilizable Maize: Diluent; lubricant.
- Stearic Acid: Emulsifying agent; solubilizing agent; tablet and capsule lubricant.
- Stearyl Alcohol: Stiffening agent.
- Sucralose: Sweetening agent.
- Sucrose: Confectionery base; coating agent; granulation aid; suspending agent; sweetening agent; tablet binder; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet filler; therapeutic agent; viscosity-increasing agent.
- Sucrose Octaacetate: Alcohol denaturant; bittering agent.
- Sugar, Compressible: Sweetening agent; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet filler.
- Sugar, Confectioner’s: Coating agent; sweetening agent; tablet and capsule diluent.
- Sugar Spheres: Tablet and capsule diluent.
- Sulfobutylether b-Cyclodextrin: Biocompatibility enhancer; complexing agent; dissolution enhancer; osmotic agent; solubilizing agent; stabilizing agent; tablet and capsule diluent; viscosity-increasing agent; water activity reducing agent.
- Sulfur Dioxide: Antimicrobial preservative; antioxidant.
- Sulfuric Acid: Acidifying agent.
- Sunflower Oil: Diluent; emollient; emulsifying agent; solvent; tablet binder
- Suppository Bases, Hard Fat: Suppository base
- Tagatose: Sweetening agent.
- Talc: Anticaking agent; glidant; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet and capsule lubricant.
- Tartaric Acid: Acidifying agent; flavoring agent; sequestering agent.
- Tetrafluoroethane (HFC): Aerosol propellant.
- Thaumatin: Flavor enhancer; sweetening agent.
- Thimerosal: Antimicrobial preservative; antiseptic.
- Thymol: Antioxidant; antiseptic; cooling agent; disinfectant; flavoring agent; skin penetrant; therapeutic agent.
- Titanium Dioxide: Coating agent; opacifier; pigment.
- Tragacanth: Suspending agent; viscosity-increasing agent.
- Trehalose: Color adjuvant; flavor enhancer; freeze-drying agent; humectant; stabilizing agent; sweetening agent; tablet diluent; thickening agent.
- Triacetin: Humectant; plasticizer; solvent.
- Tributyl Citrate: Plasticizer.
- Tricaprylin: Emollient; lubricant; penetration enhancer; solubilizing agent; solvent
- Triethanolamine: Alkalizing agent; emulsifying agent.
- Triethyl Citrate: Plasticizer; solvent.
- Triolein: Emollient; penetration enhancer; solubilizing agent; solvent.
- Vanillin: Flavoring agent.
- Vegetable Oil, Hydrogenated: Tablet and capsule lubricant; tablet binder.
- Vitamin E Polyethylene Glycol Succinate: Absorption enhancer; antioxidant; emulsifying agent; granulation aid; ointment base; solubilizing agent; surfactant; suspending agent; tablet binder.
- Water: Solvent.
- Wax, Anionic Emulsifying: Emulsifying agent; solubilizing agent; stiffening agent.
- Wax, Carnauba: Coating agent.
- Wax, Cetyl Esters: Emollient; stiffening agent.
- Wax, Microcrystalline: Coating agent; controlled-release agent; stiffening agent.
- Wax, Nonionic Emulsifying: Emulsifying agent; solubilizing agent; stiffening agent.
- Wax, White: Controlled-release agent; stabilizing agent; stiffening agent.
- Wax, Yellow: Controlled-release agent; polishing agent; stabilizing agent; stiffening agent.
- Xanthan Gum: Gelling agent; stabilizing agent; suspending agent; sustained-release agent; viscosity-increasing agent.
- Xylitol: Coating agent; diluent; emollient; humectant; sweetening agent; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet filler.
- Zein: Coating agent; extended-release agent; tablet binder.
- Zinc Acetate: Emollient; emulsion stabilizer; gelling agent; opacifier; stabilizing agent.
- Zinc Stearate: Tablet and capsule lubricant.
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