In organic compounds analysis, various detectors are employed across instrumental techniques:
1. Mass Spectrometry (MS)
- Electron Impact (EI) Detector: Common in GC-MS, provides mass spectra for identifying compounds.
- Chemical Ionization (CI) Detector: Produces molecular ion peaks with less fragmentation.
2. Gas Chromatography (GC)
- Flame Ionization Detector (FID): Measures hydrocarbons based on ionization in a hydrogen flame.
- Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD): Senses changes in thermal conductivity of the carrier gas caused by sample components.
3. Liquid Chromatography (LC)
- UV-Visible Detector: Absorption of UV or visible light for compounds with suitable chromophores.
- Fluorescence Detector: Measures emitted light after excitation by UV light, enhancing sensitivity.
4. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)
- IR Detector (e.g., MCT): Measures absorption of infrared radiation, providing information about functional groups.
5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
- NMR Detector: Records signals from nuclear spins, revealing structural information.
6. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
- Photodiode Array (PDA) Detector: Allows simultaneous measurement at multiple wavelengths.
- Flame Photometric Detector (FPD): Specific for elements like sulfur and phosphorus.
7. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)
- UV Absorbance Detector: Monitors absorbance of UV light as compounds pass through the detection point.
These detectors aid in characterizing and quantifying organic compounds, each offering specific advantages depending on the analytical requirements.
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