Three-dimensional (3D) printing means the process which involves the formation of three-dimensional solid objects from a computerized or digital files. This printing technology is an interesting and emerging technique which has a tremendous potential to bring a easy and accurate dosage form in pharmaceutical sector. Basically, layer-by-layer materials are being deposited to create a complex structures to control the release rate, or it can print pills on demand to make the dosage more accurate with various design of choice.
3D methods are commonly in use like laser-based writing systems, nozzle-based deposition systems, and printing based inkjet systems.
Drop on solid deposition is a printing process and its action mode is same to the DIP (desktop inkjet printers) and it is also called the drop on solid or powder bed jetting. The droplet ink sprayed from the print head binds to the layer of free powder particle, act like preventing support material from porous structures or collapsing or overhang. After each step, free powder layer is applied by powder jetting system or roller and the formed object is lowered and further process is carried out.
A range of formulations has been produced, including those containing multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), with different release characteristics. This technology enables precise doses to be deposited based on the initial ‘ink ’ concentration and the physical dimensions of the formulation.
The drugs can be 3D printed in unique sizes, shapes and with slow-release capabilities in solid dosage form. 3D printing also allows for creation of the “multilayered drugs” in which a single drugs can contain multiple drugs layer that a patient is prescribed, reducing the number of drugs that need to be consumed.
The first FDA-approved prescription drug product manufactured using 3D printing technology is Spritam® (levetiracetam) by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals.
